Thursday, September 26, 2013

Cape Town Doesn't Count As Africa

After spending 10 months in Burkina Faso, I was definitely at a low point of my service.  From June through September is the “rainy season” in Burkina Faso, during which it is close to impossible to accomplish anything meaningful in village.  School is out for the summer, but every able bodied adult and child in rural Burkina spends most of their time in the fields, planting and cultivating their livelihood.  During these months, I didn’t feel like I had any work to do at site that would make any difference.  I helped out at Camp G2LOW, which was a great experience, but it also reminded me of the difficulties and frustrations of organizing projects with Burkinabe counterparts. I helped out at the mosquito net distribution, but I didn’t really do anything that the Burkinabe health center staff couldn’t accomplish without me.

I felt trapped in Burkina and it was difficult to see light at the end of the tunnel of my service.  My only solace was that the other volunteers in my training group were feeling exactly the same way, although the “collective suffering” trope only goes so far when you aren’t seeing the fruits of your labor and don’t have much to take your mind off it.  The one thing that kept me going was the knowledge that on August 19, I was finally leaving the country of Burkina and traveling to one of the best cities in the world, Cape Town.

I arrived in Ouaga two days before my flight just to be safe.  After a fun night with my good friend Liz and her visiting boyfriend, I woke up with a nasty Burkina hangover (yes these hangovers are WAY worse than American ones).   That morning, I heard no less than five horror stories about volunteers being screwed over by the very airline I was taking.  Needless to say, I freaked out a little bit.  Ok fine, I had a minor panic attack.  I knew that if I didn’t get on that flight out of Burkina at 6am the next morning, I would be devastated.  As such, I thought the best idea was to show up at the airport ridiculously early and make sure there was absolutely nothing I could do to improve my chances of making it on that flight.  How early is ridiculously early?  16 hours.  I don’t think I’ve made it a secret that this country makes you do insane things.

But sure enough,  at 4am I made it past security, got my ticket, and boarded the flight with a huge smile on my face. To get to Cape Town from Burkina, I flew north to Morocco, boarded a flight to London, and then flew London to Cape Town nonstop.  If you look at a map, you can see that this is a ridiculous flight path, but flying between countries in Africa often requires at least a stop in Ethiopia, if not Europe.  In the past, I did not enjoy airlines or airline food.  After 10 months in Burkina, I couldn’t have been happier.

I arrived on a gorgeous morning in Cape Town, which I was to learn isn’t the norm for the winter months.  Immediately after getting to the hostel and storing my bags, I searched for a breakfast place.  At 8am, I sat down and enjoyed a classic South African bacon-egg roll (one fried egg, bacon, tomato, on a delicious roll), an amazing cappuccino (one of the ones where the foamed milk on top is a work of art), and a milkshake.  I then proceeded to take a cab directly to the closest beach and spent a couple hours walking on the sand and admiring the ocean.
 
First Beach in 10 Months
You may accuse me of being a sap, but there was an emptiness inside me for the past 10 months that I could never fill.  I’m lucky enough that my village is near a stream, so I get to see running water pretty frequently, but it definitely doesn’t give me the same feelings as the ocean.  The only thing that came close filling the void was my visit to the waterfalls of Banfora, but it still wasn’t the same. I know my love for the ocean has something to do with its vastness: how it extends to the horizon and you can never see the other side.  It’s humbling and comforting in a “Don’t let the little things bother you,” and a “That one annoying kid/coworker who pisses you off every day would probably have to be rescued by a lifeguard,” kind of way.  I also know that the power of waves has something to do with it, because I love surfing and have never been particularly impressed by beaches without waves.  However I also like the color blue, I’m a big fan of water, and I’m generally partial to reflective substances, so it might  be nothing deeper than that.

One of my favorite teachers at UCLA was an amazing man named Teo Ruiz.  His specialty was medieval history of Spain and Portugal, which I honestly didn’t really care for.  I’m pretty sure the only worthwhile things to come out of Medieval Europe were the centralization of human government and a society on which  the Game of Thrones could be based on.  However I was addicted to his passion for teaching, his sense of humor, and his habit of having profound revelations in the middle of his lectures.  One such revelation came while he was discussing the geography of Spain and how it influenced the development of the vastly different cultural groups the country.  To illustrate a point he made about the coastal regions of Spain, he mentioned a year long period he had spent living in the middle of rural Spain.  While he admitted that he loved the beautiful rural countryside, he would get extremely restless and ill-tempered every month or so. When this occurred, he would rent a car and drive 7 hours to the nearest coast just to see the ocean.  The ocean calmed him, reminded him of where he came from, and the happy uncertainty of where he might be going.  It seemed logical to me at the time.  I, too, love the ocean. But the significance of his story didn’t completely hit me until moving to Burkina.  A year later he received an award for accomplishments in the Humanities from President Obama. I realized I should probably take this guy seriously.

I could write short novel about my experience in Cape Town, but in the interests of time (and your sanity) I’ll stick with the highlights.  Just keep in mind that anything as marginal as consistent electricity, a cool climate, and running water were pretty groundbreakingly awesome for me.
Taking a break halfway up Lion's Head hike

The geography of Cape Town is, to put it lightly, incredible.  The city is on a peninsula, maximizing the amount of ocean front property and beautiful coastline. The city itself is dwarfed by a large plateau called Table Mountain and a large rock outcropping called Lion’s Head.  The hike up Lion’s Head was precarious, but the views from the top were absolutely incredible, with steep cliff drop offs to the coast below.  The hike up Table Mountain was much longer, but the views from the top were arguably more incredible (if possible) due to its higher altitude.  My first hike up Table Mountain was on an incredibly clear day, which afforded amazing visibility. My second hike was prompted by a call from my Cape Townian friend, Tom on a cloudy morning during which he informed me that there was snow on top of Table Mountain and he was picking me up in 10 minutes.  As we were hiking up the rain eventually turned to snow and Tom was blown away.  It seems that the only natural beauty that Cape Townians lack is snow. To be fair, seeing snow on the top of Table Mountain along with amazing coastal views was incredible.  We built a small snowman and had a snowball fight until we couldn’t feel our hands.  Simply put, the existence of such a beautiful city is a point on the scoreboard for the existence of a higher power.  I think the pictures speak for themselves.

View from the top of Lion's Head
Pondering the mysteries of life on top of Lion's Head. How did this particular lion get lucky enough to watch over Cape Town?  Why is he facing away from the ocean?  If a lion and a shark got in shallow water fight, who would win?

If the city of Cape Town isn’t amazing enough, you can always get out of town and visit some of the hundreds of wineries in the region.  I was privileged enough to go on two wine tasting trips, the first with my friends from the hostel and the second with my parents.  For someone living in the Burkina for the past 10 months, wine tasting is a mind blowing luxury.  The amazing wines of South Africa paired with homemade cheeses and chocolate were nothing short of orgasmic.  During lunch of the first wine tasting, which consisted of butternut squash soup and a South African braii (barbeque) meal of honey mustard chicken and a delicious sausage, I noticed that some of the tour members were feeding their leftovers to the Great Dane puppy (if you can call a dog that big a puppy) and the two wiener dogs.  It occurred to me that those dogs had most likely been eating better than me for the past 10 months.  This moment of self-pity was quickly erased when our football linebacker of a tour guide claimed to be on a diet and gave me his honey mustard chicken skewer.  The second wine tour was pretty rainy, but at one of the wineries I happened to taste the best champagne of my life.  I proceeded to coerce my parents into buying me a bottle (it was only $10) and upon our return to the hotel I chilled the bottle and drank it while soaking in a warm bubble bath.  In that moment of clarity, I realized that the question “Why does living in Burkina Faso suck so much?” can be answered with the philosophical concepts associated with “chilled champagne” and “bubble baths.”

I was also lucky enough to go on two surfing day trips.  The region around Cape Town is littered with incredible surfing spots.  The peninsula on which the city sits gets hit by just about every crazy storm swell coming out of Antarctica and the Indian Ocean.  Based on swell direction and wind, one can choose from west facing breaks, east facing breaks, south facing breaks, reef breaks, beach breaks, point breaks, and everything in between. If I didn’t have a guide to drive me around and choose the spots, I would never have found the amazing waves that we surfed.  Not to mention I would have been putting myself in a lot of danger, as each spot had to be surfed in a particular way and the waves were always twice as big as they seemed from the beach. What blew me away is that the spots we were surfing were almost always empty.  In California good (and bad) surfing spots are always incredibly crowded, making surfing a considerably more frustrating experience.  Maybe the sheer number of surfing spots spreads people out more.  Or maybe it’s the cold water, fickle wind conditions, and sharks that make Cape Town less surfer friendly.  Whatever the reason, I was more than happy to have my pick of the waves coming through.

Surfing trip west of Cape Town.  Table Mountain in the background
View of Lion's Head from Table Mountain
View of Cape Town from Table Mountain

The people I was able to spend time with during my trip were incredible.  After my first day, I happened to run into three girls from Chicago at the hostel, Jacqueline, Charlotte, and April.  April happened to be a returned PCV from Zambia!  I ended up having a lot of fun with them over the next six days and they were incredibly kind, especially considering I had just met them.  I’d like to think we were pretty good friends by the time they left.  The South African who took me on my surf trips, Tom, was also an amazing guy.  He was a 22 year-old born and raised in Cape Town, spending his youth surfing, playing water polo, and lifeguarding. It sounded pretty familiar.  I think he got sick of me telling him that he grew up in one of the most amazing places in the world.  I was also lucky enough to see my parents for the last five days of my trip.  The months that we spent apart melted away quickly, especially after they determined that I was healthy and relatively sane. The amazing food and wine probably helped also.  It was hard to believe that I had spent so much time away from home and it reminded me how much I missed the rest of my family and friends.

Mom and Dad!  My generous vacation sponsors.

Jacqueline, Charlotte, April, and I at the hostel

I was also lucky enough to meet with the organization Grassroots Soccer during my time in Cape Town.  The organization is similar to Coaching for Hope, using soccer as a tool to educate youth about HIV/AIDS, but GRS is unique in the sense that they have worked with PCVs in South Africa to develop a program specifically for use by volunteers in their villages.  They have also developed a malaria education program, which is much more applicable to Burkina Faso because HIV/AIDS prevalence is lower here than most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The health education materials they offered me during this meeting were logically organized, creative, and….well…amazing.  They were 100x better than any health education materials I had ever been offered  by Peace Corps Burkina itself, which was both impressing and depressing.  Quite possibly the best part about Grassroots Soccer is that the Director of Peace Corps partnerships is a former  volunteer from Zambia and completely understood  all of the difficulties of getting the Peace Corps country offices to accept anything remotely new or different.  We swapped stories about our Peace Corps experiences and she admitted that Burkina sounded worse than Zambia, although they are much more similar than they are different (severely impoverished, landlocked, in Africa, etc.).  I’ve made it the main goal of my service to implement the GRS programs in the villages of my site and spread the program to other volunteers in my region, running a series of camps that we can help each other plan and implement.  For more information on the program they have developed for PCVs, check out the link below:

                                                                                                   
Coming back from vacation, I honestly felt proud of how much time I had spent in Burkina.  Although from a work perspective I haven’t accomplished much, I’ve also learned more about myself and grown as a person.  After my meeting with Grassroots Soccer, I felt like I finally had a larger purpose to my service.  My vacation also reminded me that while living in Burkina is extremely difficult, just being in the developed world, even in a city as amazing as Cape Town, didn’t automatically make me happy. In fact, seeing young people out at restaurants and bars having a good time made me miss my good friends even more than I do in Burkina.  It also made me appreciate the friendships I’ve made with some of the other volunteers in Burkina. These friendships are the only reason I’ve been able to keep an even keel in a country that gives you reasons to be annoyed, frustrated, and depressed every single day.

Looking forward to my next vacation to Ghana in November!

Wednesday, September 11, 2013

Mosquito Nets for All! Well...Most....

Universal Bed Net Coverage is currently the predominate strategy of eliminating malaria in the developing world.  Yes, eliminating malaria without a vaccine is (technically) possible.   How?  Malaria is transmitted by mosquitos, but an individual acquires the disease when he/she is bitten by a mosquito that has bitten someone who already has the malaria parasite in their blood.  While this may seem statistically improbable, when multiplied by the number of mosquitos on a given night in Burkina (millions) and the number of people who have some form of malaria in a 15km radius, it becomes much more likely. However, studies have shown that if 70-80% of the individuals in said 15km radius are malaria free and sleep under (properly used) mosquito nets, the risk of acquiring malaria is reduced to almost zero.  Therefore, if multiple villages can accomplish 70-80% bed net coverage creating overlapping 15km radii, malaria can be conceivably “eliminated” from a country

Universal Bed Net Coverage is the guiding principle behind the strategy of Bed Net Distributions.  In other words, the powers at be give away mosquito nets for free with the hope that once in possession of a mosquito net, people will use them on a consistent basis. Clearly this is a big IF, as there are a multitude of reasons why villagers don’t use mosquito nets.  The mosquito nets themselves are donated by a coalition of foreign aid organizations such as USAID and PLAN.

The last countrywide mosquito net distribution In Burkina Faso took place in 2010, and because mosquito nets are supposed to last for 3 years, another distribution was scheduled for June 2013. As I’ve discussed in earlier posts, the logistics of said distribution were a mess, but in true Burkina fashion, everything turned out alright. The distribution began with a survey of the villages in the zone of my health clinic, conducted by Community Health Agents over a 5 day period at the end of June.  Villagers were given tickets to claim mosquito nets at the distribution, which didn’t occur until over a month later.  To my surprise, only 3 tickets were lost out of the 600 or so that were distributed: irrefutable proof that Burkinabe are capable of taking care of things if they perceive them as valuable.  The mosquito nets were distributed over a 3 day period at the health clinic, forcing inhabitants of the two satellite villages to travel 15km to claim their nets.

Claim Ticket for Mosquito Nets

Mosquito Net Demonstration

Line to claim free mosquito nets
 

The distribution itself went smoothly, but there was one big problem.  There weren’t enough mosquito nets.  The World Health Organization recommends at a minimum one mosquito net for every two people in a family.  After the survey information was submitted, Burkinabe authorities realized they didn’t have enough mosquito nets to fulfill that minimum requirement.  The solution?  Give less to everyone. Those who needed 1 or 2 nets were given the nets they had been promised.  The households that needed more mosquito nets were simply given less. Those who needed 3 got 2.  Those who needed 4 got 3.  Those who needed 6 got 5.  Essentially, the distribution was conducted with the knowledge that certain members of households across the country would not have a mosquito net to sleep under.  That was a pretty frustrating principle to operate under.

Theoretically, a mosquito net distribution is a great idea, but there’s a dilemma inherent to this public health strategy.  Anyone who’s been to Costco has experienced a similar dilemma.  Contrary to popular belief, most Americans under the age of 21 do not go to Costco to buy food in absurdly large quantities or to enjoy the beautiful industrial decorations of the store.  They go for the free food samples.  There seems to be a never ending supply of frozen goodies, chips, and other snacks available in tiny servings at random tables in the food section.  These free samples are supposed to encourage people to buy the product being offered.   However, giving away a product for free also decreases the chances that a customer will ever spend money on the product.  Simply put, a customer won’t buy a product if they think they can get it for free.   A customer also won’t value the product as highly (if at all) when it’s free.

Such is the case with free mosquito nets.  Burkinabe are never going to spend money on mosquito nets if they know that every 3 years they’re going to get a certain amount for free.  Which brings us to one of the many issues with not distributing enough mosquito nets: people will not buy more to make up for the difference in nets distributed and nets needed.  Compounded with the other challenges to convincing Burkinabe to sleep under mosquito nets (outlined in an earlier post), the strategy of “universal bed net coverage” is highly unlikely to succeed even if the minimum number of nets is distributed.

Anywho, now that I know for a fact that community members own mosquito nets, my job will be to assist with follow up and hopefully convince people to actually use the free nets.


In other news, my vacation to Cape Town was f***ing phenomenal (thanks Mom and Dad!).  More to come on my trip in my next post.