Monday, April 29, 2013

The Birth of Didier and Other Parables

Miscommunication.  It is the root of nearly all human conflicts.  Sometimes the consequence is a simple laugh, sometimes a feeling of inadequacy or frustration, and sometimes war.  There are philosophers who argue that there is an absolute moral imperative to attempt communication with a perceived “other.”   Philosophers of the opposing camp argue that the absence of communication with a perceived “other” is preferable in certain situations than attempts to communicate.  Other philosophers argue that it would be awesome if dinosaurs were still alive today, under the assumption that we would able to communicate with them.

What follows is a collection of (very) short stories that demonstrate the constant challenges of cultural integration Peace Corps Volunteers face on a daily basis. As one peels away the layers of the metaphorical “onion” of each story, one will find a moral core illustrating the nature of fundamental human communicative psychology.  However, onions don’t really have cores: a lesson in itself.  True meaning is found in the peeling journey, which in the case of onions often results in tears.  But are the tears we shed while peeling onions tears of intense happiness or intense sadness?  Or are those tears just a fact of life? Do the tears even apply to metaphorical onions?  The following stories may provide some insight into these inherent questions of human existence.

D is for Diploma
Peace Corps conducts periodic site visits to check in with volunteers, see how they’re doing, and help with any problems that need outside assistance.  My second site visit was from Charles, who works as an assistant for the woman in charge of the Health program of Peace Corps Burkina Faso.  Charles is an extremely kind, funny Burkinabe man who speaks good English.  He was formerly the head nurse of a community health clinic and therefore understands the politics of the CSPS.

 At the time, my health clinic had two employees who had the qualifications to be head nurse, but Drissa was nominally the head nurse because he had arrived in my village two months before Karim.  This was the source of much confusion for me when I first got to site, especially because Karim had attended a workshop before volunteers were affectated to site that is designed to allow volunteers to establish some sort of relationship with their counterpart before moving to village.  During the workshop, Karim had claimed to be the ICP (head nurse) of the CSPS (health clinic).  Most health clinics have an ICP and an ICB, who has one year less of schooling but can functionally perform most of the tasks of an ICP.

After arriving at site, Karim explained to me multiple times that he had the same qualifications as Drissa, even when my questions had nothing to do with his qualifications.  Charles happened to be visiting my site during the time when I was still trying to figure out what to call Karim, because he was definitely not the ICP.  Charles and I visited the CSPS and I introduced him to Karim, making the mistake of calling him the ICB of the CSPS.  Karim glared at me, then proceeded to explain to Charles that he had the education of an ICP.  I sensed that I had made a mistake and offended him, so I apologized.

After the CSPS visit, I explained to Charles why I had made the mistake and he said it was extremely rare  for the government to put two men with ICP qualifications in one CSPS, especially one that services a comparatively small population.  ICPs tend to have an inflated sense of importance and putting two in the same CSPS results in a clash of egos.

 To make things worse, Karim had been told by the government that he was getting moved to a different CSPS to take over as head nurse.  He had explained to me that he was being affectated and said goodbye.   However, the next week I showed up to the CSPS and he was still working there. Assuming that I had misunderstood, I asked another member of the staff and gathered that there had been some sort of mixup.  The government hadn’t informed the man that Karim was replacing that he was going to affectated.  When the man refused to let Karim take over, Karim got angry, although I’m not sure what actually happened.  As far as I was concerned, the result of the mixup was a very grumpy and pissed off CSPS employee who I had further aggravated by referring to him as an ICB.

A couple days later was baby weighing day at the CSPS.  After spending  most of the morning trying to talk to shy mothers and cringing every time a baby received a vaccination and started wailing, Karim asked to talk to me in the consultation room.  I sat across the desk from him, ignorant of the impending shit storm.  He began by asking me if I remembered calling him an ICB a couple days ago.   I realized that he was still bothered by it and immediately began apologizing for the misunderstanding. 

I told him that Charles understood that I had made a mistake and knew his qualifications.  This wasn’t enough for Karim. He asked me who had told me that he was an ICB.  I told him that no one had told me I had just made a mistake because I was confused about the fact that there were two ICPs at the CSPS.  Karim was still not convinced that I knew what I was talking about.  He reached into his briefcase and pulled out a laminated sheet of paper and, with a self-satisfied grin on his face, said, “Here is my diploma from nursing school.”  I pretended to be impressed by the laminated sheet of paper while he explained the education he had received to become an ICP.  Finally, he was appeased and let me go.

Luckily, Karim was affectated a week later, freeing me from my obligation of dealing with him as a supervisor.  Ego, hubris, insecurity……call it what you like, but it is exhausting to deal with.

Not This American
I was walking to the village kiosk one morning to buy my daily coffee and bread when a teacher from the primary school approached me.  He told me that a man in Banfora wanted to meet with me and I needed to give him my phone number.  Due to my limited knowledge of French vocabulary, I didn’t understand what the man’s job was or why he wanted to meet with me, but I assumed he was an official from the Burkina school bureaucracy.   I dutifully gave him my number, as it seemed like a good idea for a teacher to have my phone number anyway.  The man from Banfora called me an hour later and arranged to meet me in Takale at the school around 4pm, reinforcing my notion that he worked for the Burkina school system.

Later in the day, I confessed to my good friend and village counterpart, Ibrahim, that I had a meeting with a man at 4pm, but had no idea who he was or what he wanted.  Ibrahim graciously offered to accompany me to the meeting.  Around 4pm, the man called me and told me he was on his way, so I biked to Ibrahim’s house and we went to the school.  After waiting for a half hour, four men showed up on motos. 

One of the men approached Ibrahim and asked him “Where is the American?”  This confused both of us because I was sitting in plain sight next to Ibrahim.  Ibrahim pointed to me and said “He’s here.”  The  man responded “No not this American, the other American, the older brother of Abdoulaye.”  Ibrahim gave the man the “other American’s” number and explained to me that there is a man from the village who lives in America, and therefore is referred to as “the American.”  He happened to be visiting his family in my village at the moment.  The teacher from the morning had been confused by a text he received asking him to get the phone number of the American.

The next day, Ibrahim took me to meet the Burkinabe American.  We hung out underneath a mango tree and had a very interesting conversation in English.  It turns out he’s a French professor at the University of Maryland and lives close to Washington D.C.  He’s been to California once and said it was too expensive.  He asked me how I was coping with the heat of Burkina compared to the US and I admitted that it was difficult without electricity.  Ironically, the most difficult part of living in the US for him is the cold of the winter.  I told him to move to Los Angeles because we don’t have winter.  We shared a hearty laugh over the story of the “other American.”


The Birth of Didier
As I was buying a bus ticket to Ouaga, the ticket attendant asked for my name.  Before remembering that the last name comes before the first in Burkina, I told her it was Todd. The Burkinabe woman across the counter gave me a blank stare and asked me to spell it.  As I glanced at the ticket, I saw that she had missed a “d” so I attempted to explain to her that there are “duex d’s” (2 d’s) in Todd.  The ticket ended up being made out to some German douschebag named Didier Tod.

The rest of this collection of (very) short parables has been collected from various Peace Corps Volunteers in Burkina Faso. The contributors of these stories will stay anonymous, referred to as “Didier,” to protect their identities from Burkina authorities, the CIA, and their moms.

Judgment Day
Didier ordered a marginally cold 22oz beer at the village kiosk. The Burkinabe lady opened it with a gavel.  He suddenly got the uncomfortable feeling that he was being judged….

Bacon
The guy who sells roasted pork in village sharpened his machete on the asphalt of the national highway.  Didier thought of intervening, but realized that the asphalt is probably cleaner than the pig he was about to butcher.  “Seriously,” Didier thought, “live in a village with pigs for a couple months and then see how much you like pork.  I mean bacon is an exception.  The things I would do for a big ol’ hunk of bacon……….”

Son, You’re Being Cut from the Shot Put Team
Didier was drinking coffee one morning at a kiosk near a high school and witnessed a PE class learning how to shot put.  Didier thought, “What are the chances that a country with a surplus of lean, lanky men and a serious lack of protein will ever produce an Olympic class shot putter?  Burkina, bro, play to your strengths.”

Make It Rain
The crazy man in village threw 20 cents at Didier today.  Usually he throws little rocks.  Didier thought, “Finally, I’m integrating.”

My Coq
Didier’s friend in village told him he wanted to show Didier his “coq.”  Before Didier could protest he picked up a nearby rooster and began explaining how fat and strong it was.  A wave of relief washed over Didier.

The Goat Who Cried Boy
Didier heard a child screaming and ran to go see what was going on.  It turned out to be a goat complaining about being tied to the back of a moto.  Didier wondered if he’d ever be able to tell the difference.   He thought, “Hopefully Burkinabe can.”

It’s Not the Same Thing
Didier’s friend in village told him about the time he traveled to Germany. He said “It was so strange, I was the only black person on the plane! Everyone was staring at me.”  Didier empathized, as he’s the only white person in a 15km radius and is constantly stared at.  The man told Didier it wasn’t the same thing.  Didier thought, “Of course it’s not the same thing.  The plane ride was only 6 hours.  I’m here for 2 years.”

Poopglasses
Didier dropped his $100 sunglasses down the latrine hole.  After cursing for 10 minutes, he began devising ways to get them out.  Then he realized that even if he succeeded, they’d be covered in shit.  He thought, “Pink eye? No thanks.”  He still thinks about those sunglasses every time he enters the latrine. “Never again,” he says to himself.

Irony
A Muslim Burkinabe woman with a full head scarf covering once asked Didier “What is irony?” as she lifted up her shirt to breastfeed her child in public.  He told her it wasn’t important.

BNFF
If Didier is ever having an especially bad day, He explains his problems to Nutella.   Then he eats a spoonful of him.  Nutella doesn’t mind.  He’s Didier’s best friend in village.

Final Destination
One morning, Didier was on his way to the village kiosk  and said  “Good morning” to the first child he saw.  The little boy replied, “Good luck.”  Didier tried to get him to explain himself but he ran away.  Didier spent the rest of the day looking over his shoulder.  He thought it could be a movie someday: “Final Destination VII: Burkina Faso.”

Reverse Sensibilization
The Burkinabe man next to Didier in the bar asked him to put out his cigarette and informed him that it was bad for his health.   Didier considered explaining to him that while the two cigarettes he smokes a day is indeed a danger to his health, so is the 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year he spends living in one of the poorest countries of sub-Saharan Africa.

All stories involving Didier are in no way meant to offend the government or peoples of Germany.  Although German men, similar to men from New Jersey, have a higher probability of being douschebags, I have many German friends (one) who are not douschebags (he's a lovable dousche).

Saturday, April 13, 2013

Baobabs and Bros


After spending three weeks away from site, I was extremely nervous to return to my home away from home, Takaledougou.  I had legitimate reasons to be away for so long, but I still had this feeling of guilt that is difficult to explain.  It felt like I had spent 3 weeks away from college and while somehow managing to avoid missing any assignments or tests, I had still fallen behind in all of my classes.  But everyone at this hypothetical college wouldn’t have experienced the luxuries of my vacation: good food, electricity, pools, etc.  And everyone at this hypothetical college wouldn’t speak the same language as me, making it almost impossible to explain what I had done during said vacation.  And this college wouldn’t really have “classes” or “assignments” or “tests,” the professors would just let students do whatever they chose to do to improve themselves and the community.  Alright this is a pretty bad metaphor   

My official story is that those three weeks were spent at a “formation,” French/Burkina slang for training.  But to be honest, that isn’t the whole story.
The first two weeks were my stage’s “In-Service Training” (IST).  During the first three months at site, our focus was integration, identifying the needs of our communities, getting to know people, and settling into some sort of routine.  We were also supposed to be drafting an extensive report on our community, referred to as the “Etude de Milieu.”  My friend Hallie describes the (extremely informal) process here:


The goal of IST is to provide you with the technical skills necessary to begin working on projects in your community during the next 21 months of your service.  In reality, IST was a lot of Peace Corps bureaucratic mumbo jumbo. We spent a lot time talking about what was hard about living in a village and how to fill out the complicated paperwork to apply for funding and report our projects to the PC office.  Don’t get me wrong, there were some surprisingly useful sessions, but most importantly, we were given a few ideas that will help us answer the ominous question, “What the @#$* am I going to do here for the next two years?”

It was the first time our stage (training group) had been together since December, when we were sworn in as PCVs and sent away to our respective sites.  Needless to say, there were some long days of training and some long, fun nights.  I only got lost once after midnight, engaged in only one water balloon fight, only got scolded by five nuns, ate less than three quiches, gained less than15 pounds, spent less than a month’s salary. and never consumed five liters of beer at any single bar….in one night.  Overall, IST was a resounding success.

Hallie recounts our amazing St. Patrick’s Day on her blog.  Warning: graphic pool scenes and wolf packs…..


As IST came to a close, I decided to visit the sites of a couple friends rather than return back to Takaledougou.  I was expected to be in the capital for a committee meeting in six days and it takes me at least a full day of travel to get from my site to Ouaga.  The last week of IST had taken place in Koudougou, so it made sense to visit the sites of two friends who live closest to the city, David and Kelly.

David’s site, Bouldie, is 45 km north of Koudougou along the road to Toma.  USAID is currently funding a project to pave this road, but for now it is a dusty, bumpy trip.  The project is supposed to be completed in 6 months, but this is Africa, so we can assume that it will take at least three times as long.  On these types of roads, it’s almost preferable that the driver speeds, just so the ride is over sooner.  Not our bush taxi driver.  It took us two hours to go 45 km, which is ridiculous considering one can bike the same distance in 2-3 hours.  It also ranks as one of the dustiest two hours of my life.  I got off the bush taxi covered in a thick layer of brown red dirt and feeling like I had smoked two packs of cigarettes. For me, this was a foreign feeling, as my site lies on a paved highway.

David’s village has a total population of around 600 and is spread out, with courtyards often hundreds of meters apart.  The climate is HOT, dusty, and windy.  The vegetation is sparse and there are not many trees, but I was visiting during the peak of the hot/dry season. With the onset of the rainy season his site will look completely different, as the dried up riverbeds fill with water and large expanses of dried, yellow grass turn green.

Bouldie is a difficult site, even by Peace Corps Burkina standards.  Less than 5 people in the village speak French, making it extremely difficult to David to communicate with anyone.  The local language, Guaransi, is one of the more complicated languages in Burkina.  The same word spoken at three different pitches has three different meanings.  David’s counterpart, a representative of a very recently created groupement (collective business organization), is extremely overbearing, often attempting to follow him around for the entire day.  The situation is exacerbated by the fact that his counterpart’s house is less than 10 feet from his.

David is also the first PCV at his site, which presents a different set of challenges than second or third PCVs face, especially as a Community Enterprise Development (CED) volunteer.  Often the first volunteer has only enough time to accomplish small things that build a foundation for the work that future volunteers will complete.  This is partly due to the fact that the Peace Corps development approach is difficult to explain to Burkinabe in French, much less local language.  This is especially true when people identify you as a “business” volunteer.  Most Burkinabe expect Americans to have money and therefore build them things, invest in things, or give them things.

On the bright side, David lives about 3km from a much larger village, Didyr, that has a marché and kiosks selling most of what he needs.  Unfortunately, Didyr does not have electricity, which is odd considering the fact that it has telephone lines.  Electricity will eventually come after the paved highway, but that’s far from a guarantee.  My village is directly on the highway and the power lines skip it over, instead providing electricity to an adjacent village with a large sugar cane factory.  As a general rule, infrastructure in developing countries provides for and connects places with money.

David’s village also has a strong connection with the country to the south of Burkina, Cote d’Ivoire.  Many of the men in his village spend months at a time working on plantations there, especially during the dry season.  Even in the four days I spent there we met one person returning from Cote d’Ivoire and two people leaving to work there.  The climate in Cote d’Ivoire is much more conducive to growing cash crops, creating a relatively constant labor demand.

We had some good times at David’s site, including having Super Bowl Sunday a couple of months late.  His mom sent him a DVD recording of the game in a care package, so we made mac n cheese, drank some whiskey, and watched the game.  The 49ers really blew it and Beyonce kind of sucked.  We also visited a baobab grove near his house.  Baobab trees are the largest trees in Burkina and are survive for thousands of years, although an irregular ring pattern makes it impossible to date them. The fruit of the baobab tree is highly nutritious and the leaves of the tree can be ground up into a powder that is also incredibly nutritious.  Although they are fairly common in Burkina, they tend to be spaced relatively far apart.  Near David’s site, however, there is a square kilometer with about 30 baobab trees.  No one in his village knows why there are so many clustered there.  The only logical explanations is that the same aliens that communicated with Egyptians and told them to build the pyramids communicated with Burkinabe and told them to plant Baobabs in this particular area.

After a few days at David’s site, we traveled to Kelly’s site, which involves backtracking towards Koudougou 30 km.  Kelly is also a CED volunteer, but her site, Reo, is the polar opposite of David’s.  Reo is a larger town with electricity, restaurants, a few cars, and a population of at least 5,000.  The climate is similar to David’s site, but the elements can be somewhat subdued with electricity.  Unfortunately, Kelly’s house itself doesn’t have electricity.  She’d be mad if I didn’t point that out.  Although Reo is in Guaransi country, most people speak French.

The organization that Kelly works with is also the polar opposite of David’s groupements.  She works in an office (by Burkina standards) at an incredible women’s organization that produces 35 tons of shea butter every year for export to cosmetics companies.  Her office has (slow) Wifi!  The organization also provides microfinance loans for women who own small businesses.  With Kelly’s work experience in finance, it seems like the perfect fit and a dream assignment.

But she faces a whole different set of frustrating problems.   It’s difficult to know how to help an organization that already produces a significant amount of income and provides microfinance loans to female entrepreneurs.  All of the Peace Corps CED training is geared towards creating Income Generating Activities (IGAs) for smaller groupements, such as gardening, soap making, and soy transformation.  Kelly’s organization has asked her to help them find additional international buyers for the shea butter that they produce.   Obviously there’s a huge discrepancy there.  The general feeling of uselessness is common for first year PCVs, but it’s magnified when you are honestly impressed with what your organization/community has already done and are unsure how to improve upon it.

David, Kelly, and I managed to have some good times in Reo.  I’d heard legends of a bar in town that sells cold 22oz Heinekens.  It’s literally the only bar we know of in Burkina Faso that has them (cold), and it’s not even located in a regional capital.  Needless to say, we drank all of the Heinekens that they had in their fridge. We also collectively consumed 60 brochettes.  There may have been a beer pound off.  Then we patted each other on the back and said “nice job bro.”

In a classic example of Burkina transport, the bus from Reo to Koudougou the  next morning was two hours late.  We found out that a guy who claimed to be in charge of the bus stop was actually trying to scam us, demanding payment even after the driver had already told us it was free.  The bus broke down in Koudougou about 1km from the station.  Rather than wait an unknown amount of time for it to be fixed, we decided to bike with all of our stuff in 95 degree weather.  Once we were on the 1200 air conditioned bus to Ouaga, though, all was well.

After the committee meetings, it was time to return to site.  I was pleasantly surprised to find that a lot of people remembered me and asked me where I’d been.  Siaka, a man who asked me to help him raise $1,000 for his second microfinance loan to purchased moto taxi (basically a 3-wheeled moto pickup truck), had purchased one.  I guess he found the money on his own.  Ibrahim, my friend and counterpart in village, had finished the outside construction of his new house, which I was helping him build before leaving for IST.  And it was almost mango season.  Things weren’t so bad in Takaledougou.